The chemical reaction of aluminum air battery is similar to that of zinc air battery. Aluminum air battery is made of high purity aluminum Al (containing 99.99% aluminum) as negative electrode, oxygen as positive electrode, and potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution as electrolyte. . Aluminum takes up oxygen in the air, produces a chemical reaction when the battery is discharged, and converts aluminum and oxygen into aluminum oxide. The development of aluminum air battery is very rapid, and its application on EV has achieved good results. It is a promising air battery.

In the single cell, aluminum (Al) is used as the negative electrode and oxygen is used as the positive electrode. On the two sides of the aluminum air battery, there are a pair of auxiliary air electrodes. As the positive electrode of the aluminum air battery, only aluminum and a small amount of water are consumed during operation.

Larger than energy

The theoretical specific energy of aluminum air battery can reach 8100Wh/kg. The actual specific energy of aluminum air battery in 2014 only reaches 350Wh/kg, but it is also 7-8 times of lead-acid battery, 5.8 times of nickel-hydrogen battery, and lithium battery. 2.3 times. After using the aluminum air battery, the vehicle can significantly improve the driving range. According to foreign data, the electric motor vehicle using aluminum air battery in California has a record of replacing the aluminum electrode with a driving range of 1600km.

light in mass

The traction energy-type lead-acid battery developed and developed in China has a total energy of 13.5 kWh and a total mass of 375 kg. The total energy of the same energy aluminum air battery is only 45kg, which is 12% of the quality of lead-acid batteries. As the quality of the battery is greatly reduced, the quality of the vehicle is also reduced, which can increase the load energy of the vehicle or extend the driving range.

Non-toxic danger

Aluminum does not cause harm to the human body and can be recycled and recycled without polluting the environment. Aluminum is rich in raw materials and has a large-scale aluminum smelter with low production costs. The recycling and recycling of aluminum is convenient, and the recycling cost is also low. Moreover, the method of replacing the aluminum electrode can be used to solve the problem of slow charging of the aluminum air battery.

Although the aluminum air battery contains high specific energy, the specific power is low, the charging and discharging speed is relatively slow, the voltage is delayed, and the self-discharge rate is large. A thermal management system is needed to prevent overheating of the aluminum air battery during operation.

Aluminum air battery design

I. Design, production and exploration of the experimental name aluminum air battery

Second, the purpose of the experiment through a variety of simple devices to simulate the aluminum air battery, and through a simple experiment on the working principle of aluminum air battery.

Third, experimental instruments and reagents

Aluminum skin, aluminum foil, activated carbon powder, activated carbon rod, dead charcoal, aluminum cans, homemade U-tube sealer, saturated brine, agar, phenolphthalein, a small amount of red ink, gauze, filter paper, etc.

Fourth, the experimental instrument device diagram

(1) Battery manufacturing device

1 bandaged aluminum air battery

figure 1. Bandaged battery

figure 2. Finished bandage battery

2 roll battery

image 3. Rolling process

Figure 4. manufacture complete

3 living aluminum air battery

Figure 5. Can air battery

Figure 6. Aluminum foil air battery

(II) Research on working principle of aluminum air battery

Figure 7. Exploring air consumption

Figure 8. Verify OH-ion consumption

According to the method shown in the previous figure (Figure 1-6), a variety of aluminum air batteries with stable working voltage can be obtained. In the actual demonstration, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are directly connected to the electronic card, electronic clock or low-power DC motor. Demonstrate.

When the working principle of the battery is revealed, the fabricated battery is placed in the closed container shown in Fig. 7. After the battery is connected to the external circuit for a period of time, the oxygen consumption in the closed container can be confirmed by the change of the red ink height. If it is confirmed that there is hydroxide ion generation during the operation of the battery, a simple aluminum air battery is constructed as shown in Fig. 8, in which the gel is edible gelatin, and a small amount of phenolphthalein is dropped into the gelatin. After making the battery, connect the positive and negative terminals of the battery to the appliance. After a while, the gel will gradually change from the center to the edge and slowly turn red. This confirmed the formation of hydroxide ions in the battery work process.

This experiment can deepen students' understanding of the working principle of primary batteries, improve students' interest in learning this part of the content, and at the same time make students feel the charm of chemical technology. And the simple and easy-to-use experiment can be easily implemented by the students themselves, which greatly narrows the distance between chemistry and students.

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